Indian Journal of Nephrology, October 2008 / Vol 18/Issue 4, 150-154. Although considered useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of renal diseases, proteinuria can only be detected after significant renal paranchymal changes. There is considerable interest in the estimation of urinary peptides as an early marker of renal disease. In the current study, we have estimated urinary peptides in patients with different grades of proteinuria.This study aimed at early detection of proteinuria before it is expressed full- fledged.

Total thiol status of plasma, especially thiol groups over protein contributes maximum to the plasma antioxidant status of the body. Serum protein thiols were found to be decreased in various disease conditions including chronic renal failure patients. Only few studies determined the levels of urinary protein thiols in disease conditions. The current study was designed to know the levels of urinary protein thiols in patients with different grades of proteinuria. The study was conducted on urine of 40 healthy controls and 61 cases with proteinuria.

Presence of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is well proved. Current study was undertaken to know the relation between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and copper along with antioxidants like total thiols and ceruloplasmin, and antioxidant enzyme glutathione S transferase (GST). The study group consisted of a total of 201 subjects which included nondiabetic healthy control subjects (n = 78) and diabetic patients (n = 123). Plasma total thiols, GST, copper and ceruloplasmin levels were measured all the subjects using spectrophotometric methods and FPG levels were determined in clinical chemistry analyzer Hitachi 912. There was significant increase in FPG (P<0.001) and copper (P<0.001) and decrease in ceruloplasmin (P<0.001) and protein thiols (P<0.001) in type 2 DM cases compared to healthy controls.

Sleep is vital for mental and physical health of an individual. Duration of sleep influences the metabolism and regulates body weight. Objective was to assess the cross-sectional association of sleep duration with body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio in Malaysian students.

This study was carried out to verify if composites could be bleached using chlorine dioxide as compared with hydrogen peroxide. 3M ESPE Filtek Z350 Universal Restorative discs were prepared (n=40), with dimensions 5 mm diameter x 2 mm thickness. The discs were divided into 4 groups of 10 discs each. Color assessment was performed by CIEDE2000. The discs were stained with coffee, tea, wine and distilled water (control) solutions for 14 days, 5 hours daily. Color assessment was repeated on stained discs and followed by bleaching of 5 discs from each group using chlorine dioxide and hydrogen peroxide in-office systems. Finally, a last color assessment was performed and compared statistically. DE2000 after bleaching was very close to baseline for both the bleaching agents, although chlorine dioxide showed better results than hydrogen peroxide.

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune polyneuropathy which presents with acute onset and rapid progression of flaccid, hyporeflexi quadriparesis. Both sensory and autonomic nerve involvement is seen. GBS has various subtypes that vary in their pathophysiology. The pathogenesis involves an immune response triggered by a preceding event which may be an infection, immunisation or surgical procedure. Clinical diagnosis has been largely the primary diagnosing criterion for GBS along with electrodiagnosis, which has several pitfalls and is supported by ancillary testing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis and Nerve Conduction Studies. Measurement of anti-ganglioside antibodies is also an effective tool in its diagnosis.

Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune inflammatory neuropathy. It affects all age group of both sexes and can lead to morbidity if untreated. It is usually preceded by an infection and has a fast progression. There are two treatment modalities practiced primarily, plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Matrix metalloproteinases have been indicated to play a role in pathogenesis of GBS by mediating inflammation and disrupting blood nerve barrier. Greater focus needs to be put on these MMP’s as marker enzymes for early detection and/or diagnosis and as targets for therapy.

Use of audio visual tools to aid in medical education is ever on a rise. Our study intends to find the efficacy of a video prepared on “fatty liver,” a topic that is often a challenge for pre‐clinical teachers, in enhancing cognitive processing and ultimately learning. We prepared a video presentation of 11: 36 min, incorporating various concepts of the topic, while keeping in view Mayer's and Ellaway guidelines for multimedia presentation. A pre–post test study on subject knowledge was conducted for 100 students with the video shown as intervention. A retrospective pre study was conducted as a survey which inquired about students understanding of the key concepts of the topic and a feedback on our video was taken. Students performed significantly better in the post test (mean score 8.52 vs. 5.45 in pre‐test), positively responded in the retrospective pre‐test and gave a positive feedback for our video presentation.

The proposal of a National Exit Test as an exit examination for MBBS graduates to ensure a minimum quality standard is desirable in a country with large gaps in healthcare. However, in its current form it could be reduced to just another examination that can be gamed and one that does not ensure basic skills. Sound designing, increased investment in testing infrastructure, and phased planning and implementation are needed to ensure that NEXT serves as a panacea to the lack of standardised medical graduate output in the country.

More than a quarter of all deaths in India in 2015 were caused by cardiovascular diseases (CVD), accounting for more than 2.1 million lives. That makes for more than a fifth of global CVD mortality and contributes majorly to the world’s burden of 17.7 million deaths due to non-communicable diseases every year. CVDs develop a decade earlier in India as compared to high-income countries. The United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals call for one-third reduction of mortality and morbidity from CVDs by 2030.

Semester 5, 2011. The student of these three institutions is primarily from different nationalities. The project aimed to study the perceived stress level and its causes among this student population and compare them.